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第一段
1 .As we saw in the last lecture, a major cause of climate change is the rapid rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the last century.
正如我们在上一次演讲中所看到的，气候变化的主要原因是在过去的一个世纪里，大气中的二氧化碳水平迅速上升．
2 .If we could reduce the amount of CO2, perhaps the rate of climate change could also be slowed down.
如果我们能减少二氧化碳的排放量，也许气候变化的速度也会减慢．
3 .One potential method involves enhancing the role of the soil that plants grow in, with regard to absorbing CO2.
一个潜在的方法是提高植物生长的土壤的作用，吸收二氧化碳的作用．
4 .Rattan Lal, a soil scientist from Ohio State University, in the USA,
Rattan Lai，美国俄亥俄州立大学的一位土壤科学家，
5 .claims that the world's agricultural soils could potentially absorb 13 per cent of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere - the equivalent of the amount released in the last 30 years.
声称世界上的农业土壤有可能吸收大气中13％的二氧化碳--相当于过去30年中释放的二氧化碳的量．
6 .And research is going on into how this might be achieved.
现在正在进行研究该如何实现这个目标．
第二段
1 .Lal first came to the idea that soil might be valuable in this way not through an interest in climate change,
Lai最早的想法是，土壤可能是在某种方式下是有价值的，
2 .but rather out of concern for the land itself and the people dependent on it.
但不是通过气候变化带来的利益，而是出于对土地本身的关注和依赖于此的人们．
3 .Carbon-rich soil is dark, crumbly and fertile, and retains some water.
富碳的土壤是黑色的，松软肥沃，并保留了一些水．
4 .But erosion can occur if soil is dry, which is a likely effect if it contains inadequate amounts of carbon.
如果土壤干燥，如果土壤中的碳含量不够，这可能会出现土壤侵蚀的现象．
5 .Erosion is of course bad for people trying to grow crops or breed animals on that terrain.
土壤侵蚀对人们在这种地形上种植庄稼或饲养动物当然是不好的．
6 .In the 1970s and '80s, Lal was studying soils in Africa so devoid of organic matter that the ground had become extremely hard,
在20世纪70年代和80年代，Lai在研究非洲的土壤，由于那里太缺乏有机物质，导致周围都变得非常坚硬，
7 .like cement. There he met a pioneer in the study of global warming,
像水泥一样．在这项研究中，他遇到了一位研究全球变暖的先驱，
8 .who suggested that carbon from the soil had moved into the atmosphere.
他认为碳从土壤中迁移到了大气中．
9 .This is now looking increasingly likely.
这在现在看起来是越来越有可能了．
第三段
1 .Let me explain.
让我来解释下．
2 .For millions of years, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have been regulated,
在数百万年内，大气中的二氧化碳含量一直受到植物与微生物之间的自然伙伴关系的调节-
3 .in part, by a natural partnership between plants and microbes - tiny organisms in the soil.
在土壤中的微小的生物．
4 .Plants absorb CO2 from the air and transform it into sugars and other carbon-based substance.
植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳，将二氧化碳转化为糖和其他碳基物质．
5 .While a proportion of these carbon products remain in the plant,
该句暂无译文！
6 .some transfer from the roots to fungi and soil microbes, which store the carbon in the soil.
虽然这些碳制品中有一部分仍然在植物中，有些则从根部转移到真菌和土壤的微生物中，从而储存着碳在土壤中．
第四段
1 .The invention of agriculture some 10,000 years ago disrupted these ancient soil-building processes and led to the loss of carbon from the soil.
大约10000年前，农业的发明使这些古老的土壤建筑过程中断，导致了土壤中碳的流失．
2 .When humans started draining the natural topsoil, and ploughing it up for planting, they exposed the buried carbon to oxygen.
当人类开始排放天然的表层土壤，并开始犁地耕种，他们将被掩埋的碳氧暴露在氧气中．
3 .This created carbon dioxide and released it into the air.
这就创造了二氧化碳，并将其释放到空气中．
4 .And in some places, grazing by domesticated animals has removed all vegetation, releasing carbon into the air.
在一些地方，放牧驯养的动物就会清除所有植被并释放碳到空气中．
5 .Tons of carbon have been stripped from the world's soils - where it's needed - and pumped into the atmosphere.
成吨的碳已经从世界各地的土壤中被剥夺--当它们被需要的时候--并注入到了大气中．
第五段
1 .So what can be done?
那么我们可以做什么呢?
2 .Researchers are now coming up with evidence that even modest changes to farming can significantly help to reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
研究人员现在要证明，即使是适度的农业耕作，也能显著地减少大气中碳的含量．
第六段
1 .Some growers have already started using an approach known as regenerative agriculture.
一些种植者已经开始使用一种称为再生农业的方法．
2 .This aims to boost the fertility of soil and keep it moist through established practices.
这一目标的目的是通过已经建立的方法提高土壤肥力，并使其保持湿润．
3 .These include keeping fields planted all year round, and increasing the variety of plants being grown.
这些包括一年四季种植田地，并且提高种植的植物种类的品种．
4 .Strategies like these can significantly increase the amount of carbon stored in the soil,
像这样的策略可以显著地增加土壤储存的碳量，
5 .so agricultural researchers are now building a case for their use in combating climate change.
因此农业研究人员现在正在建设一个用于防治气候变化的方案．
第一段
1 .One American investigation into the potential for storing CO2 on agricultural lands is taking place in California.
一个关于储存二氧化碳在农业土地中的潜力的美国研究正在加利福尼亚进行．
2 .Soil scientist Whendee Silver of the University of California, Berkeley,
加利福尼亚伯克利大学的土壤科学家Whendee Silver，
3 .is conducting a first-of-its-kind study on a large cattle farm in the state.
正在进行第一次在国家大型养牛场的研究．
4 .She and her students are testing the effects on carbon storage of the compost that is created from waste - both agricultural,
她和她的学生们正在测试在堆肥中的碳储存，这些堆肥来自于一堆废物--
5 .including manure and cornstalks, and waste produced in gardens, such as leaves, branches, and lawn trimmings.
包括粪便和玉米秆这些农业废物，和花园里产生的废料，如树叶、树枝、和草坪修剪下的东西．
第二段
1 .In Australia, soil ecologist Christine Jones is testing another promising soil-enrichment strategy.
在澳大利亚，土壤生态学家Christine Jones正在测试另一种有前途的土壤富集策略．
2 .Jones and 12 farmers are working to build up soil carbon by cultivating grasses that stay green all year round.
琼斯和12个农民正在努力建设土壤碳，通过种植草坪来终年保持绿色．
3 .Like composting, the approach has already been proved experimentally;
像堆化肥，这种方法已经被实验证明；
4 .Jones now hopes to show that it can be applied on working farms and that the resulting carbon capture can be accurately measured.
琼斯现在希望，为了证明它可以应用于工作的农场，而产生的碳可以捕获并且准确测量．
第三段
1 .It's hoped in the future that projects such as these will demonstrate the role that farmers and other land managers can play in reducing the harmful effects of greenhouse gases.
希望在未来的如这些的项目中，能展示农民和其他土地管理者可以发挥的作用，去减少温室气体的有害影响．
2 .For example, in countries like the United States,
例如，在美国这样的国家里，
3 .where most farming operations use large applications of fertiliser, changing such long-standing habits will require a change of system.
大多数的农业操作都在使用大量的肥料，改变这个长期的习惯，会需要一个改变的系统．
4 .Rattan Lal argues that farmers should receive payment not just for the corn or beef they produce, but also for the carbon they can store in their soil.
Rattan Lai说，农民应该得到报酬，不仅仅是对他们种植除了玉米或牛肉，而且为他们可以在土壤中储存碳
第四段
1 .Another study being carried out...
正在进行的另一项研究……